From 37f1abe86f0de561677e9537a682ffe221a00d11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mayfrost Date: Tue, 16 Oct 2018 22:16:10 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Create X.md --- X.md | 267 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 267 insertions(+) create mode 100644 X.md diff --git a/X.md b/X.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ee6ec8 --- /dev/null +++ b/X.md @@ -0,0 +1,267 @@ +#X +Set xorg and a desktop environment fast. + +##NO DE +To use a window manager without any desktop environment, or even a login manager, you can just install the applications mentioned here. +After that you login and simply type: +`start` +whenever you want to start X. + + +Next is an example _".xinitrc"_ file: +``` +# load your preferred terminal settings +[[ -f ~/.Xresources ]] && xrdb -merge -I$HOME ~/.Xresources + +# load your preferred keybindings +xbindkeys + +# set the wallpaper (requires hsetroot to be installed) +hsetroot -fill ~/.wallpaper.jpg + +# alternative way to set the wallpaper using imagemagick (DISABLED) +#display -size 1280x800 -window root ~/.wallpaper.png + +# launch the window manager (needs to be done at the end) +exec dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session ratpoison +``` +##RATPOISON + +Productive, automated, scriptable, and minimal, Ratpoison is a strict tiling window manager using similar bindings to GNU Screen. A few of its benefits are. +* No mouse used, all done by commands called by typing _"control"_ and _"t"_ at the same time, plus another key. +* You can set your own bindings in the file _".ratpoisonrc"_ which is extremely friendly. +* Extensible by scripts. The _"rpws"_ script for example adds multiple workspaces (comes by default), another script (_"expose.pl"_) gives a mozaic of current windows. + + +###A few keys to get you started. + +* Show the help cheatsheet: +`Ctrl-t + ?` +* Bring an application menu: +`Ctrl-t + .` +* Get time and date: +`Ctrl-t + a` +* Clear screen from help cheatsheet or menu: +`Esc` + +* Show open windows: +`Ctrl-t + w` +* Close a window: +`Ctrl-t + k` +* Swith back between windows: +`Ctrl-t + Ctrl-t` +* Go to next window: +`Ctrl-t + n` +`Ctrl-t + Space` +* Go to previous window: +`Ctrl-t + p` + + +* Split screen vertically: +`Ctrl-t + s` +* Split screen horizontally: +`Ctrl-t + S` +* Go to next frame: +`Ctrl-t + Tab` +* Go to previous frame: +`Ctrl-t + Alt-Tab` +* Make a window the only one visible: +`Ctrl-t + Q` + + +The custom _".ratpoisonrc"_ used here can be customized to your need +``` +# text editor +bind e exec gjots2 +bind E exec xterm -e elvis + +# web browser +bind y exec palemoon +# highlight an url in a window and the url is opened in a new tab +bind Y exec palemoon `$RATPOISON -c getsel` + +# MOC as a music player, alsamixer as volume control +bind o exec xterm -e mocp +bind O exec xterm -e alsamixer + +# file manager +bind d exec spacefm +bind D exec xterm -e vifm + +# mail +bind g exec xterm -e mutt + +# IRC +bind h exec xterm -e irssi + +# RSS +bind j exec liferea +bind J exec xterm -e newsbeuter + +# password manager +bind z exec xterm -e kpcli +# looks for the JDownloader program under the designated path +bind Z exec ~/jd2/JDownloader2 + +# expose-like switch window by using "Ctrl-t + ,". Get the script from http://ratpoison.wxcvbn.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl/expose.pl +bind comma exec ~/bin/expose.pl + +# as colon invoke ratpoison commands, semicolon invoke shell commands ("Ctrl-t + ;") +bind semicolon exec + +# no startup message announcing what the prefix keys are +startup_message off + +# change font, color and position for messages +set font "Fixed-11" +set fgcolor gray +set bgcolor black +set bargravity c + +# normal cursor +exec xsetroot -cursor_name left_ptr + +# fix java swing, needs wmname from suckless +exec wmname LG3D + +# multiple workspaces by using "Alt + FX" (where "FX" is from F1 to F4), needs rpws script +exec rpws init 4 -k + +# get rid of the one pixel border around windows +set border 0 +``` + +##XBINDKEYS +Custom keys can be added with the Xbindkeys program. + +With the help of the default xev program you can check the keys you want: +* Start the program and type the key you want to see its information +`xev > keys.txt` +* Look for the line that says +`keycode KEY_NUMBER (keysym INGORE_THIS, KEY_NAME)` +* Now on xbindkeysrc you'll be adding the information for each bind you want: +``` +"WHAT_YOU_WANT_HERE_GOES_HERE" + m:0x0 + c:KEY_NUMBER + KEY_NAME +``` + +In the example below we'll have the modified keys: +* The "windows" key switch windows using dmenu pre-installed. +* The "menu" key brings an application launcher you type names into using dmenu. +* The "print screen" key takes a screenshot using imagemagick. +* The "scroll lock" key records the desktop using either libav-tools or ffmpeg. +* The "mute" button if available will mute/unmute volume. +* The "lower volume" button if available will lower volume. +* The "raise volume" button if available will raise volume. + + +Now the example _".xbindkeysrc"_ file: +``` +# Enable "Scroll_Lock" for the next keybinding +keystate_scrolllock= enable + +# Switch windows using the "windows key" (needs dmenu) +"ratpoison -c "select $(ratpoison -c "windows "%t"" | dmenu -nf gray -nb black -sf black -sb gray -b -l 20)"" + Super_L + +# Launch application using the "menu key" (needs dmenu) +"dmenu_run -nf gray -nb black -sf black -sb gray -b" + m:0x0 + c:135 + Menu + +# Take screenshot using the "print screen key" (needs imagemagick) +"import -window root png:$HOME/xwz_$(date "+%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S").png" + m:0x0 + c:107 + Print + +# Record desktop (needs libav-tools or ffmpeg) +"killall -INT avconv 2>/dev/null || avconv -f x11grab -r 25 -s 1280x720 -i :0.0 $HOME/output.webm &" + m:0x0 + c:78 + Scroll_Lock + +# Mute/unmute volume +"amixer set Master toggle" + m:0x0 + c:121 + XF86AudioMute + +# Lower volume +"amixer set PCM 5%-" + m:0x0 + c:122 + XF86AudioLowerVolume + +# Raise volume +"amixer set PCM 5%+" + m:0x0 + c:123 + XF86AudioRaiseVolume +``` + +##TERMINAL EMULATOR + +To tweak the theme of your terminal emulator you need to tweak the _".Xresources"_ file. Each time you make changes run +`xrdb -merge` + +Next is an example _".Xresources"_ file: +``` +xterm*maximized: true +xterm*background: black +xterm*foreground: grey +xterm*cursorColor: green +xterm*cursorBlink: false +xterm*faceName: Fixedsys Excelsior 3.01:size=11:antialias=true +xterm*faceNameDoublesize: WenQuanYi Zen Hei +xterm*termName: xterm-256color +xterm*locale: true +xterm*utf8Title: true +xterm*dynamicColors: true +xterm*borderWidth: 0 +xterm*eightBitInput: false +xterm*metaSendsEscape: true +xterm*decTerminalID: vt340 + + +urxvt*maximized: true +urxvt*background: black +urxvt*foreground: white +urxvt*cursorColor: green +urxvt*cursorBlink: false +urxvt*faceName: GNU Unifont:size=12:antialias=true +urxvt*faceNameDoublesize: WenQuanYi Zen Hei +urxvt*termName: urxvt-256color +urxvt*locale: true +urxvt*utf8Title: true +urxvt*font: fixed +urxvt*boldFont: fixed +urxvt*dynamicColors: true +urxvt*borderWidth: 0 +``` +##SCREEN TEARING +To solve screen tearing you can use any of these config files in its appropriate directory. + +* In the case you have Intel add these to _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf"_: +``` +Section "Device" + Identifier "Intel Graphics" + Driver "intel" + Option "TearFree" "true" +EndSection +``` + +* In the case you have AMD add these to _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-amdgpu.conf_": +``` +Section "Device" + Identifier "AMD Graphics" + Driver "amdgpu" + Option "TearFree" "true" +EndSection +``` + +Another way to add changes is in the _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf"_ file: +``` +Section "Device" + Identifier "Intel Graphics" + Driver "intel" + Option "AccelMethod" "uxa" + Option "TearFree" "true" +EndSection +```