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X.md
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Set xorg and a desktop environment fast.
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1. [INSTALLING X](#installing-x)
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2. [NO DE](#no-de)
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2.1. [XINITRC CONFIGURATION FILE](#xinitrc-configuration-file)
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2.2. [LAUNCH X](#launch-x)
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2.3. [LAUNCH X AT LOGIN](#launch-x-at-login)
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3. [RATPOISON](#ratpoison)
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3.1. [BASIC SHORTCUTS](#basic-shortcuts)
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3.2. [RATPOISONRC CONFIGURATION FILE](#ratpoisonrc-configuration-file)
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2. [CONFIGURING X](#configuring-x)
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2.1. [SCREEN TEARING](#screen-tearing)
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3. [NO DE](#no-de)
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3.1. [XINITRC CONFIGURATION FILE](#xinitrc-configuration-file)
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3.2. [LAUNCH X](#launch-x)
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3.3. [LAUNCH X AT LOGIN](#launch-x-at-login)
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4. [XBINDKEYS](#xbindkeys)
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4.1. [GETTING KEYS INFORMATION](#getting-keys-information)
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4.2. [XBINDKEYSRC CONFIGURATION FILE](#xbindkeysrc-configuration-file)
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5. [TERMINAL EMULATOR](terminal-emulator)
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6. [CLIPBOARD](#clipboard)
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6.1. [CLIPBOARD BINDINGS](#clipboard-bindings)
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7. [SCREEN TEARING](#screen-tearing)
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7. [RATPOISON](#ratpoison)
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7.1. [BASIC SHORTCUTS](#basic-shortcuts)
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7.2. [RATPOISONRC CONFIGURATION FILE](#ratpoisonrc-configuration-file)
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## INSTALLING X
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Generally it can be installed from the live _CD or DVD_ or afterwards with the package manager. For example on __CRUX__:
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@ -23,8 +24,50 @@ Generally it can be installed from the live _CD or DVD_ or afterwards with the p
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`prtget depinst xorg-server xorg-xf86-video-<DRIVER> xorg-font-util xkeyboard-config xorg-xinit`
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* Alternatively just install the metapackage _"xorg"_
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## CONFIGURING X
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__X__ can be configured for several things. You can generate a configuration which will appear on your home directory and change it later.
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* Create a new configuration file "xorg.conf.new"
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`Xorg -configure`
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* change it to "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"
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`mv /path/to/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf`
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* on other X versions the commands are
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`XFree86 -configure`
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`XFree86 -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config.new`
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### SCREEN TEARING
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To solve screen tearing you can use any of these config files in its appropriate directory.
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* In the case you have Intel add these to _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf"_:
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```
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Section "Device"
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Identifier "Intel Graphics"
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Driver "intel"
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Option "TearFree" "true"
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EndSection
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```
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* In the case you have AMD add these to _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-amdgpu.conf_":
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```
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Section "Device"
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Identifier "AMD Graphics"
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Driver "amdgpu"
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Option "TearFree" "true"
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EndSection
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```
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* Another way to add changes is in the _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf"_ file:
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```
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Section "Device"
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Identifier "Intel Graphics"
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Driver "intel"
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Option "AccelMethod" "uxa"
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Option "TearFree" "true"
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EndSection
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```
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## NO DE
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To use a window manager without any desktop environment, or even a login manager, you can just install the applications mentioned here and edit the _".xinitrc"_ file with the appropriate changes and start _"X"_ from the terminal. The required applications are:
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To use a window manager without any desktop environment, or even a login manager, you can just install the applications mentioned here and edit the _".xinitrc"_ file with the appropriate changes and start _"X"_ from the command line. The required applications are:
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* Ratpoison (or your preferred window manager in the _".xinitrc"_ file)
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* Xbindkeys
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* hsetroot or imagemagick (or replace with your preferred wallpaper changer in the _".xinitrc"_ file)
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@ -66,113 +109,6 @@ fi
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```
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This will automatically launch _"X"_ at the first _"tty"_ (_"virtual terminal"_). If you are confused, to switch between ttys press _"Ctrl-Alt-F\<X>"_ (where _"\<X>_" is a number). So to change to the tty with xorg you'll press _"Ctrl-Alt-F1"_.
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## RATPOISON
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Productive, automated, scriptable, and minimal, Ratpoison is a strict tiling window manager using bindings similar to GNU Screen. A few of its benefits are.
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* No mouse used, all done by commands called by typing _"control"_ and _"t"_ at the same time, plus another key.
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* You can set your own bindings in the file _".ratpoisonrc"_ which is extremely friendly.
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* Extensible by scripts. The _"rpws"_ script for example adds multiple workspaces (comes by default), another script (_"expose.pl"_) gives a mozaic of current windows.
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* Full manual available from the terminal:
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`info ratpoison`
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* Can temporarily switch to another window manager with the _"tmpwm"_ command for your comfort.
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### BASIC SHORTCUTS
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* Show the help cheatsheet:
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`Ctrl-t + ?`
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* Bring an application menu:
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`Ctrl-t + .`
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* Get time and date:
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`Ctrl-t + a`
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* Clear screen from help cheatsheet or menu:
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`Esc`
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* Show open windows:
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`Ctrl-t + w`
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* Close a window:
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`Ctrl-t + k`
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* Swith back between windows:
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`Ctrl-t + Ctrl-t`
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* Go to next window:
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`Ctrl-t + n`
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`Ctrl-t + Space`
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* Go to previous window:
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`Ctrl-t + p`
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* Split screen vertically:
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`Ctrl-t + s`
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* Split screen horizontally:
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`Ctrl-t + S`
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* Go to next frame:
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`Ctrl-t + Tab`
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* Go to previous frame:
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`Ctrl-t + Alt-Tab`
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* Make a window the only one visible:
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`Ctrl-t + Q`
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### RATPOISONRC CONFIGURATION FILE
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The next custom _".ratpoisonrc"_ file goes under your home directory and can be customized to your needs:
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```
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# text editor
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bind e exec gjots2
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bind E exec xterm -e elvis
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# web browser
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bind y exec icecat
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# highlight an url in a window and the url is opened in a new tab
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bind Y exec icecat -new-tab `$RATPOISON -c getsel`
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# MOC as a music player, alsamixer as volume control
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bind o exec xterm -e mocp
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bind O exec xterm -e alsamixer
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# file manager
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bind d exec spacefm
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bind D exec xterm -e vifm
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# mail
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bind g exec xterm -e mutt
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# IRC
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bind h exec xterm -e irssi
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# RSS
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bind j exec liferea
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bind J exec xterm -e newsbeuter
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# password manager
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bind z exec xterm -e kpcli
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# looks for the JDownloader program under the designated path
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bind Z exec ~/jd2/JDownloader2
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# expose-like switch window by using "Ctrl-t + ,". Get the script from http://ratpoison.wxcvbn.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl/expose.pl
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bind comma exec ~/bin/expose.pl
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# as colon invoke ratpoison commands, semicolon invoke shell commands ("Ctrl-t + ;")
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bind semicolon exec
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# no startup message announcing what the prefix keys are
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startup_message off
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# change font, color and position for messages
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set font "Fixed-11"
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set fgcolor gray
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set bgcolor black
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set bargravity c
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# normal cursor
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exec xsetroot -cursor_name left_ptr
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# fix java swing, needs wmname from suckless
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exec wmname LG3D
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# multiple workspaces by using "Alt + FX" (where "FX" is from F1 to F4), needs rpws script
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exec rpws init 4 -k
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# get rid of the one pixel border around windows
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set border 0
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```
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## XBINDKEYS
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Custom keys can be added with the Xbindkeys program.
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@ -298,33 +234,109 @@ bindkey -m ' ' eval 'stuff \040' 'writebuf' 'exec sh -c "xsel -ib < /tmp/screen-
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bind b eval 'exec sh -c "xsel -ob > /tmp/screen-exchange && screen -X readbuf"'
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```
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## SCREEN TEARING
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To solve screen tearing you can use any of these config files in its appropriate directory.
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## RATPOISON
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Productive, automated, scriptable, and minimal, Ratpoison is a strict tiling window manager using bindings similar to GNU Screen. A few of its benefits are.
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* No mouse used, all done by commands called by typing _"control"_ and _"t"_ at the same time, plus another key.
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* You can set your own bindings in the file _".ratpoisonrc"_ which is extremely friendly.
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* Extensible by scripts. The _"rpws"_ script for example adds multiple workspaces (comes by default), another script (_"expose.pl"_) gives a mozaic of current windows.
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* Full manual available from the terminal:
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`info ratpoison`
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* Can temporarily switch to another window manager with the _"tmpwm"_ command for your comfort.
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* In the case you have Intel add these to _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf"_:
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```
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Section "Device"
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Identifier "Intel Graphics"
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Driver "intel"
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Option "TearFree" "true"
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EndSection
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```
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### BASIC SHORTCUTS
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* Show the help cheatsheet:
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`Ctrl-t + ?`
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* Bring an application menu:
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`Ctrl-t + .`
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* Get time and date:
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`Ctrl-t + a`
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* Clear screen from help cheatsheet or menu:
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`Esc`
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* In the case you have AMD add these to _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-amdgpu.conf_":
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```
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Section "Device"
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Identifier "AMD Graphics"
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Driver "amdgpu"
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Option "TearFree" "true"
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EndSection
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```
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* Show open windows:
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`Ctrl-t + w`
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* Close a window:
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`Ctrl-t + k`
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* Swith back between windows:
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`Ctrl-t + Ctrl-t`
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* Go to next window:
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`Ctrl-t + n`
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`Ctrl-t + Space`
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* Go to previous window:
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`Ctrl-t + p`
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* Another way to add changes is in the _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf"_ file:
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* Split screen vertically:
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`Ctrl-t + s`
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* Split screen horizontally:
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`Ctrl-t + S`
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* Go to next frame:
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`Ctrl-t + Tab`
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* Go to previous frame:
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`Ctrl-t + Alt-Tab`
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* Make a window the only one visible:
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`Ctrl-t + Q`
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### RATPOISONRC CONFIGURATION FILE
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The next custom _".ratpoisonrc"_ file goes under your home directory and can be customized to your needs:
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```
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Section "Device"
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Identifier "Intel Graphics"
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Driver "intel"
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Option "AccelMethod" "uxa"
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Option "TearFree" "true"
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EndSection
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# text editor
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bind e exec gjots2
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bind E exec xterm -e elvis
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# web browser
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bind y exec icecat
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# highlight an url in a window and the url is opened in a new tab
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bind Y exec icecat -new-tab `$RATPOISON -c getsel`
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# MOC as a music player, alsamixer as volume control
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bind o exec xterm -e mocp
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bind O exec xterm -e alsamixer
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# file manager
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bind d exec spacefm
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bind D exec xterm -e vifm
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# mail
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bind g exec xterm -e mutt
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# IRC
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bind h exec xterm -e irssi
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# RSS
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bind j exec liferea
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bind J exec xterm -e newsbeuter
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# password manager
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bind z exec xterm -e kpcli
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# looks for the JDownloader program under the designated path
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bind Z exec ~/jd2/JDownloader2
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# expose-like switch window by using "Ctrl-t + ,". Get the script from http://ratpoison.wxcvbn.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl/expose.pl
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bind comma exec ~/bin/expose.pl
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# as colon invoke ratpoison commands, semicolon invoke shell commands ("Ctrl-t + ;")
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bind semicolon exec
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# no startup message announcing what the prefix keys are
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startup_message off
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# change font, color and position for messages
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set font "Fixed-11"
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set fgcolor gray
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set bgcolor black
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set bargravity c
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# normal cursor
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exec xsetroot -cursor_name left_ptr
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# fix java swing, needs wmname from suckless
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exec wmname LG3D
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# multiple workspaces by using "Alt + FX" (where "FX" is from F1 to F4), needs rpws script
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exec rpws init 4 -k
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# get rid of the one pixel border around windows
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set border 0
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```
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