Create X.md

X.md

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+#X
+Set xorg and a desktop environment fast.
+
+##NO DE
+To use a window manager without any desktop environment, or even a login manager, you can just install the applications mentioned here.
+After that you login and simply type:
+`start`
+whenever you want to start X.
+
+
+Next is an example _".xinitrc"_ file:
+```
+# load your preferred terminal settings
+[[ -f ~/.Xresources ]] && xrdb -merge -I$HOME ~/.Xresources
+
+# load your preferred keybindings
+xbindkeys
+
+# set the wallpaper (requires hsetroot to be installed)
+hsetroot -fill ~/.wallpaper.jpg
+
+# alternative way to set the wallpaper using imagemagick (DISABLED)
+#display -size 1280x800 -window root ~/.wallpaper.png
+
+# launch the window manager (needs to be done at the end)
+exec dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session ratpoison
+```
+##RATPOISON
+
+Productive, automated, scriptable, and minimal, Ratpoison is a strict tiling window manager using similar bindings to GNU Screen. A few of its benefits are.
+* No mouse used, all done by commands called by typing _"control"_ and _"t"_ at the same time, plus another key.
+* You can set your own bindings in the file _".ratpoisonrc"_ which is extremely friendly.
+* Extensible by scripts. The _"rpws"_ script for example adds multiple workspaces (comes by default), another script (_"expose.pl"_) gives a mozaic of current windows.
+
+
+###A few keys to get you started.
+
+* Show the help cheatsheet:
+`Ctrl-t + ?`
+* Bring an application menu:
+`Ctrl-t + .`
+* Get time and date:
+`Ctrl-t + a`
+* Clear screen from help cheatsheet or menu:
+`Esc`
+
+* Show open windows:
+`Ctrl-t + w`
+* Close a window:
+`Ctrl-t + k`
+* Swith back between windows:
+`Ctrl-t + Ctrl-t`
+* Go to next window:
+`Ctrl-t + n`
+`Ctrl-t + Space`
+* Go to previous window:
+`Ctrl-t + p`
+
+
+* Split screen vertically:
+`Ctrl-t + s`
+* Split screen horizontally:
+`Ctrl-t + S`
+* Go to next frame:
+`Ctrl-t + Tab`
+* Go to previous frame:
+`Ctrl-t + Alt-Tab`
+* Make a window the only one visible:
+`Ctrl-t + Q`
+
+
+The custom _".ratpoisonrc"_ used here can be customized to your need
+```
+# text editor
+bind e exec gjots2
+bind E exec xterm -e elvis
+
+# web browser
+bind y exec palemoon
+# highlight an url in a window and the url is opened in a new tab
+bind Y exec palemoon `$RATPOISON -c getsel`
+
+# MOC as a music player, alsamixer as volume control
+bind o exec xterm -e mocp
+bind O exec xterm -e alsamixer
+
+# file manager
+bind d exec spacefm
+bind D exec xterm -e vifm
+
+# mail
+bind g exec xterm -e mutt
+
+# IRC
+bind h exec xterm -e irssi
+
+# RSS
+bind j exec liferea
+bind J exec xterm -e newsbeuter
+
+# password manager
+bind z exec xterm -e kpcli
+# looks for the JDownloader program under the designated path
+bind Z exec ~/jd2/JDownloader2
+
+# expose-like switch window by using "Ctrl-t + ,". Get the script from http://ratpoison.wxcvbn.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl/expose.pl
+bind comma exec ~/bin/expose.pl
+
+# as colon invoke ratpoison commands, semicolon invoke shell commands ("Ctrl-t + ;")
+bind semicolon exec
+
+# no startup message announcing what the prefix keys are
+startup_message off
+
+# change font, color and position for messages
+set font "Fixed-11"
+set fgcolor gray
+set bgcolor black
+set bargravity c
+
+# normal cursor
+exec xsetroot -cursor_name left_ptr
+
+# fix java swing, needs wmname from suckless
+exec wmname LG3D
+
+# multiple workspaces by using "Alt + FX" (where "FX" is from F1 to F4), needs rpws script
+exec rpws init 4 -k
+
+# get rid of the one pixel border around windows
+set border 0
+```
+
+##XBINDKEYS
+Custom keys can be added with the Xbindkeys program.
+
+With the help of the default xev program you can check the keys you want:
+* Start the program and type the key you want to see its information
+`xev > keys.txt`
+* Look for the line that says
+`keycode KEY_NUMBER (keysym INGORE_THIS, KEY_NAME)`
+* Now on xbindkeysrc you'll be adding the information for each bind you want:
+```
+"WHAT_YOU_WANT_HERE_GOES_HERE"
+  m:0x0 + c:KEY_NUMBER
+  KEY_NAME
+```
+
+In the example below we'll have the modified keys:
+* The "windows" key switch windows using dmenu pre-installed.
+* The "menu" key brings an application launcher you type names into using dmenu.
+* The "print screen" key takes a screenshot using imagemagick.
+* The "scroll lock" key records the desktop using either libav-tools or ffmpeg.
+* The "mute" button if available will mute/unmute volume.
+* The "lower volume" button if available will lower volume.
+* The "raise volume" button if available will raise volume.
+
+
+Now the example _".xbindkeysrc"_ file:
+```
+# Enable "Scroll_Lock" for the next keybinding
+keystate_scrolllock= enable
+
+# Switch windows using the "windows key" (needs dmenu)
+"ratpoison -c "select $(ratpoison -c "windows "%t"" | dmenu -nf gray -nb black -sf black -sb gray -b -l 20)""
+  Super_L
+
+# Launch application using the "menu key" (needs dmenu)
+"dmenu_run -nf gray -nb black -sf black -sb gray -b"
+  m:0x0 + c:135
+  Menu
+
+# Take screenshot using the "print screen key" (needs imagemagick)
+"import -window root png:$HOME/xwz_$(date "+%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S").png"
+  m:0x0 + c:107
+  Print
+
+# Record desktop (needs libav-tools or ffmpeg)
+"killall -INT avconv 2>/dev/null || avconv -f x11grab -r 25 -s 1280x720 -i :0.0 $HOME/output.webm &"
+  m:0x0 + c:78
+  Scroll_Lock
+
+# Mute/unmute volume
+"amixer set Master toggle"
+  m:0x0 + c:121
+  XF86AudioMute
+
+# Lower volume
+"amixer set PCM 5%-"
+  m:0x0 + c:122
+  XF86AudioLowerVolume
+
+# Raise volume
+"amixer set PCM 5%+"
+  m:0x0 + c:123
+  XF86AudioRaiseVolume
+```
+
+##TERMINAL EMULATOR
+
+To tweak the theme of your terminal emulator you need to tweak the _".Xresources"_ file. Each time you make changes run
+`xrdb -merge`
+
+Next is an example _".Xresources"_ file:
+```
+xterm*maximized:	true
+xterm*background:	black
+xterm*foreground:	grey
+xterm*cursorColor:	green
+xterm*cursorBlink:	false
+xterm*faceName:	Fixedsys Excelsior 3.01:size=11:antialias=true
+xterm*faceNameDoublesize:	WenQuanYi Zen Hei
+xterm*termName:	xterm-256color
+xterm*locale:	true
+xterm*utf8Title:	true
+xterm*dynamicColors: true
+xterm*borderWidth: 0
+xterm*eightBitInput:   false
+xterm*metaSendsEscape: true
+xterm*decTerminalID:	vt340
+
+
+urxvt*maximized:	true
+urxvt*background:	black
+urxvt*foreground:	white
+urxvt*cursorColor:	green
+urxvt*cursorBlink:	false
+urxvt*faceName:	GNU Unifont:size=12:antialias=true
+urxvt*faceNameDoublesize:	WenQuanYi Zen Hei
+urxvt*termName:	urxvt-256color
+urxvt*locale:	true
+urxvt*utf8Title:	true
+urxvt*font: fixed
+urxvt*boldFont: fixed
+urxvt*dynamicColors: true
+urxvt*borderWidth: 0
+```
+##SCREEN TEARING
+To solve screen tearing you can use any of these config files in its appropriate directory.
+
+* In the case you have Intel add these to _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf"_:
+```
+Section "Device"
+   Identifier 	"Intel Graphics"
+   Driver 	"intel"
+   Option "TearFree" "true"
+EndSection
+```
+
+* In the case you have AMD add these to _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-amdgpu.conf_":
+```
+Section "Device"
+   Identifier "AMD Graphics"
+   Driver "amdgpu"
+   Option "TearFree" "true"
+EndSection
+```
+
+Another way to add changes is in the _"/etc/X11/xorg.conf"_ file:
+```
+Section "Device"
+   Identifier  "Intel Graphics"
+   Driver      "intel"
+   Option      "AccelMethod"  "uxa"
+   Option      "TearFree" "true"
+EndSection
+```