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120 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
120 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
# NETWORKING
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## WiFi
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Use WiFi without a separate network manager with this simple guide. Needs "_dhcpcd_" or "_dhcpclient_", "_net-tools_" or "_iproute2_", "_wpa\_supplicant_", and the WiFi drivers for your wireless card (like "_iwlwifi_" and its "_ucode_"), which in part can be installed from a package usually named "_linux-firmware_", but they may not be complete (this provides "_ucode_" but not "_iwlwifi_").
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__NOTE__: The "_<DEVICE_NAME>_" can be either "_wlp3s0_" or "_wlan0_". Change accordingly the following commands to suit your needs.
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* Create the configuration file (as "_root_", not "_sudo_"):
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`wpa_passphrase <NETWORK_NAME> <PASSWORD> > /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf`
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* Delete non hashed password from "_/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf_", but not the hashed one.
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Each time you need to connect type the following command (as "_root_" or with "_sudo_"):
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* __EXAMPLE 1__: With "_net-tools_" and "_dhcpcd_":
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```
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ifconfig <DEVICE_NAME> down
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ifconfig <DEVICE_NAME> up
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wpa_supplicant -B -i<DEVICE_NAME> -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -Dwext
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dhcpcd <DEVICE_NAME>
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```
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* __EXAMPLE 2__: With "_iproute2_" and "_dhclient_":
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```
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ip link set <DEVICE_NAME> down
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ip link set <DEVICE_NAME> up
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wpa_supplicant -B -i<DEVICE_NAME> -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -Dwext
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dhclient <DEVICE_NAME>
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```
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You can save either example in a script to activate the Wi-Fi whenever you want.
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* Note: As an educational tip, the name of a network is also called "_SSID_" in other places.
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## Next
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### using ufw
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sudo ufw status
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sudo ufw enable
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sudo ufw disable
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sudo ufw default deny
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sudo ufw default allow
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sudo ufw allow PORT_NUMBER
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* delete a rule
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sudo ufw delete allow PORT_NUMBER
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* allow everything for a specific address
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sudo ufw allow from IP_ADDRESS
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* allow a specific port for a specific address
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sudo ufw allow from IP_ADDRESS to any port PORT_NUMBER
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### tcpdump
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* dump all
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sudo tcpdump
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* dump 5 packets
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sudo tcpdump -c 5
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* dump in ASCii format
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sudo tcpdump -A
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* dump in hexadecimal format
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sudo tcpdump -xx
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* dump from an specific interface
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sudo tcpdump -i INTERFACE_NAME
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* dump from a specific port
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sudo tcpdump port PORT_NUMBER
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* dump 5 packets in hexadecimal from an specific interface and a specific port
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sudo tcpdump -c 5 -xx -i INTERFACE port PORT_NUMBER
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### netstat
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* show routing table, including gateway
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netstat -nr
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* show all ports
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netstat -tulpn
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* show network usage of devices
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netstat -i
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* show active connections
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netstat -ta
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* show active connections, but show ip addresses instead
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netstat -tan
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### traceroute
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* show which route your connection takes between your computer to the destination
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traceroute WEBNAME_OR_IP
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### nmap
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* scan a specific ip address (including devices)
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nmap IP_NUMBER
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* scan a specific website
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nmap WEBSITE_NAME
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* scan a specific ip address (including devices) with more information
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nmap -v IP_NUMBER
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* scan two ip address (including devices), 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.54
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nmap 192.168.0.1,54
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* scan a range of ip address (including devices), from 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.100
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nmap 192.168.0.1-100
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* scan all ip address (including devices) from network 192.168.0.0
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nmap 192.168.0.*
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* scan address from a file
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nmap -il FILE
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* scan address and identify OS and running services
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nmap -A IP_NUMBER
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* check if target is up
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nmap -sP IP_NUMBER
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* check reason for services states
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nmap --reason IP_NUMBER
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* show host interfaces
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nmap --iflist IP_NUMBER
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### SSH
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* login to remote host
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ssh ADDRESS
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* login to remote host as user USER
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ssh USER@ADDRESS
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* set ssh server configuration in /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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Port 22 # default port
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PermitRootLogin without-password # change "without-password" to "no"
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AllowUsers USER_NAME # by allowing a specific user it restricts the others
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* restart "ssh" service to activate changes
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# use last 8 octets for hosts
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255.255.255.0
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