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135 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
135 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
# NETWORKING
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## SETUP
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## /etc/network/interfaces
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```
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# use last 8 octets for hosts
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255.255.255.0
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```
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## WiFi
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Use WiFi without a separate network manager with this simple guide. Needs "_dhcpcd_" or "_dhcpclient_", "_net-tools_" or "_iproute2_", "_wpa\_supplicant_", and the WiFi drivers for your wireless card (like "_iwlwifi_" and its "_ucode_"), which in part can be installed from a package usually named "_linux-firmware_", but they may not be complete (this provides "_ucode_" but not "_iwlwifi_").
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__NOTE__: The "_<DEVICE_NAME>_" can be either "_wlp3s0_" or "_wlan0_". Change accordingly the following commands to suit your needs.
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* Create the configuration file (as "_root_", not "_sudo_"):
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`wpa_passphrase <NETWORK_NAME> <PASSWORD> > /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf`
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* Delete non hashed password from "_/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf_", but not the hashed one.
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Each time you need to connect type the following command (as "_root_" or with "_sudo_"):
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* __EXAMPLE 1__: With "_net-tools_" and "_dhcpcd_":
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```
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ifconfig <DEVICE_NAME> down
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ifconfig <DEVICE_NAME> up
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wpa_supplicant -B -i<DEVICE_NAME> -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -Dwext
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dhcpcd <DEVICE_NAME>
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```
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* __EXAMPLE 2__: With "_iproute2_" and "_dhclient_":
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```
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ip link set <DEVICE_NAME> down
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ip link set <DEVICE_NAME> up
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wpa_supplicant -B -i<DEVICE_NAME> -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -Dwext
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dhclient <DEVICE_NAME>
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```
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You can save either example in a script to activate the Wi-Fi whenever you want.
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* Note: As an educational tip, the name of a network is also called "_SSID_" in other places.
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## TROUBLESHOOTING
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### ufw
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* Show status
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`sudo ufw status`
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* Enable firewall
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`sudo ufw enable`
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* Disable firewall
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`sudo ufw disable`
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* Deny all by default
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`sudo ufw default deny`
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* Allow all by default
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`sudo ufw default allow`
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* Allow everything for specific port by default
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`sudo ufw allow PORT_NUMBER`
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* Delete a rule
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`sudo ufw delete allow PORT_NUMBER`
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* Allow everything for a specific address
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`sudo ufw allow from IP_ADDRESS`
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* Allow a specific port for a specific address
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`sudo ufw allow from IP_ADDRESS to any port PORT_NUMBER`
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### tcpdump
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* dump all
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`sudo tcpdump`
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* dump 5 packets
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`sudo tcpdump -c 5`
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* dump in ASCii format
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`sudo tcpdump -A`
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* dump in hexadecimal format
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`sudo tcpdump -xx`
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* dump from an specific interface
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`sudo tcpdump -i INTERFACE_NAME`
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* dump from a specific port
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`sudo tcpdump port PORT_NUMBER`
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* dump 5 packets in hexadecimal from an specific interface and a specific port
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`sudo tcpdump -c 5 -xx -i INTERFACE port PORT_NUMBER`
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### netstat
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* show routing table, including gateway
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`netstat -nr`
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* show all ports
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`netstat -tulpn`
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* show network usage of devices
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`netstat -i`
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* show active connections
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`netstat -ta`
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* show active connections, but show ip addresses instead
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`netstat -tan`
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### traceroute
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* show which route your connection takes between your computer to the destination
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`traceroute WEBNAME_OR_IP`
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### nmap
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* scan a specific ip address (including devices)
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`nmap IP_NUMBER`
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* scan a specific website
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`nmap WEBSITE_NAME`
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* scan a specific ip address (including devices) with more information
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`nmap -v IP_NUMBER`
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* scan two ip address (including devices), 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.54
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`nmap 192.168.0.1,54`
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* scan a range of ip address (including devices), from 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.100
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`nmap 192.168.0.1-100`
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* scan all ip address (including devices) from network 192.168.0.0
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`nmap 192.168.0.*`
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* scan address from a file
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`nmap -il <FILE>`
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* scan address and identify OS and running services
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`nmap -A IP_NUMBER`
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* check if target is up
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`nmap -sP IP_NUMBER`
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* check reason for services states
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`nmap --reason IP_NUMBER`
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* show host interfaces
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`nmap --iflist IP_NUMBER`
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### SSH
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#### CLIENT
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* login to remote host
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`ssh ADDRESS`
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* login to remote host as user USER
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`ssh USER@ADDRESS`
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#### SERVER
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* set ssh server configuration in /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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```
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Port 22 # default port is 22, can be changed
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PermitRootLogin without-password # change "without-password" to "no" to forbid root login
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AllowUsers USER_NAME # by allowing a specific user it restricts the others
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```
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* restart "ssh" service to activate changes
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