mayfrost-guides/INITIATION.md

Initiation Rite

This guide is for those wanting one of the two most beautiful source based distros, either CRUX or Source Mage GNU/Linux. The was written so it can be used by both, only diverging on particular details.

• CRUX: A ports based, BSD style init scripts, distro following true KISS principles (Keep It Simple, Stupid).
• Source Mage GNU/Linux: Without 3rd party patches, sensible defaults or masked packages, free from obfuscated and pre-configured code, use clean dependencies as they came from upstream developers and can also use flags.

TOC

1. START
2. PARTITIONING
3. SETUP
   3.1. CHROOT
   3.2. CHANGE NETWORK INTERFACES
   3.3. EDIT FSTAB
   3.4. SETUP THE ENVIRONMENT
4. KERNEL
5. BOOTLOADER
   5.1. LILO
   5.2. SYSLINUX
   5.3. GRUB Legacy
   5.4. GRUB 2
6. THE END
7. CONFIGURATION ON CRUX
   7.1. ENABLE CONTRIB REPO
   7.2. ADD EXTERNAL REPOS
   7.3. INSTALL XORG
8. CRUX COMMANDS
   8.1. AUTOMATED INSTALLATION OF PORTS
   8.2. MANUAL DOWNLOAD AND INSTALLATION
9. SOURCE MAGE GNU/LINUX COMMANDS

START

Boot in UEFI mode if on UEFI, BIOS if on BIOS, and select installation media.

• Make sure your network is up (OPTIONAL)
  dhcpcd <NIC>
• Temporarily change keyboard (available configurations can be found in the directories "/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/" for CRUX and "/usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty" for Source Mage GNU/Linux)
  loadkeys <KEYMAP>

PARTITIONING

Supported filesystems by bootloaders are (if on UEFI ignore this as it only supports FAT):

• LILO: indifferent (anything?)
• SYSLINUX: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, ufs 1/2, FAT16, FAT32, iso9660, udf, NTFS
• GRUB Legacy: FAT16, FAT32, minix, ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, JFS, XFS, VSTa fs, Btrfs
• GRUB 2: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, zfs, ufs, minix, iso9660, udf, jfs, hfs, hfs+, afs, affs, sfs, xfs, reiserfs, tar, cpio, NTFS, FAT16, FAT32

In these examples we make only two partitions but you can extend this if you know how. The partitions are one root partition, later mounted to "/mnt/drive" with "mkfs.<ROOT_FILESYSTEM>" format, and one boot partition, later mounted to "/mnt/drive/boot" and with "mkfs.<BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM>" format unless is UEFI in which case "mkfs.vfat" is the only format available and will be mounted to "/mnt/drive/boot/efi" instead.

• Use parted
  parted /dev/sda

• Inside parted, if on UEFI label the disk "gpt", but if on BIOS label it "msdos"
  mklabel <LABEL>
unit mb
mkpart primary 0g 128
mkpart primary 128 -1
toggle 1 boot
p free
quit

• Make root filesystem according to your personal preference
  mkfs.<ROOT_FILESYSTEM> /dev/sda2
mkdir /mnt/drive
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/drive

• Make boot filesystem according to supported bootloader or just "mkfs.vfat" if on UEFI
  mkfs.<BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM> /dev/sda1

• If on BIOS make directory and mount
  mkdir /mnt/drive/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/drive/boot

• If on UEFI make directory and mount
  mkdir -p /mnt/drive/boot/efi
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/drive/boot/efi
cd /mnt/drive
mount --bind /dev /mnt/drive/dev
mount --bind /sys /mnt/drive/sys
mount -t proc none /mnt/drive/proc
mount -t devpts none /mnt/drive/dev/pts

SETUP

• On CRUX run "setup", and if on UEFI select on setup grub2-efi (if using GRUB 2), efibootmgr, and elfutils from opt (only select core, and say yes when you're asked if you want to select individual packages). And if you are not using LILO de-select it from core.
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux get the tarball
  cd /mnt/drive
wget -c "http://download.sourcemage.org/image/official/smgl-stable-<version>-basesystem-x86_64.<compression>"
tar xvf smgl-stable-<version>-basesystem-x86_64.<compression>

CHROOT

• Chroot specifying Bash in case live media has another shell
  chroot /mnt/drive /bin/bash
• Change root password in chroot (TEST IF YOUR KEYBOARD HAS ALL THE CORRECT MAPPINGS before you change the password)
  passwd root

CHANGE NETWORK INTERFACES

• On CRUX modify "/etc/rc.d/net" with the rules you want (IP, gateway, domain, etc)
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux add preferred interfaces to "/etc/network/interfaces" for example
  auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
• On the "/etc/resolv.conf.head" file set your preferred DNS provider (this example is from OpenNIC)
  nameserver 193.41.79.236
• Or copy "/etc/resolv.conf" to "/mnt/etc/resolv.conf" BEFORE chrooting

EDIT FSTAB

• Change the "/etc/fstab" file with appropriate filesystems
  /dev/sda1 /boot <BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM> defaults 0 2
/dev/sda2 / <ROOT_FILESYSTEM> noatime 0 1
• On CRUX uncomment the lines referring to devpts, tmp, and shm as some programs require it (Firefox), also USB and or cdrom if using those
• If on UEFI replace "/boot" with "/boot/efi"

SETUP THE ENVIRONMENT

• On CRUX change the font, keyboard, timezone, hostname and services on the "/etc/rc.conf" file
  ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux change keymaps on the "/etc/sysconfig/keymap" file
  ls /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty
• On CRUX generate locales (change interface language)
  localedef -i <LOCALE> -f ISO-<CODE> <LOCALE>
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux generate locales (change interface language)
  cast -r locale

KERNEL

• Include the filesystem support the boot partition is format in.

• Include UEFI options if on UEFI.

• Include device drivers you need, build the rest as modules.

• On CRUX
  cd /usr/src/linux-<VERSION>
make menuconfig
make all
make modules_install
cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz
cp System.map /boot

• On Source Mage GNU/Linux (OPTIONAL)
  cast -r linux

BOOTLOADER

• The drive where bootloaders and OSes are installed on these examples is "/dev/sda", but could be anywhere.
• The bootloader installation IS inside chroot AND with drives mounted, so this guides assumes you are inside "/mnt/drive".
• "<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO>", "<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>" and "<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS>" are just the numbers of partitions.
• The "vmlinuz" file makes reference to the kernel image, you can rename it or simlink to it in all cases, the only rule is you have to make sure the name is referenced correctly in the bootloader. By default it can have names like "vmlinuz-linux", "vmlinuz-<KERNEL_VERSION>" and so on. The same with "initramfs.img", it can be "initramfs-<KERNEL_VERSION>.img" and such.
• All bootloader examples have included other OS inside what is called "stanzas".
• FreeDOS and Windows stanzas are OPTIONAL.
• If dualbooting with Windows remember that it likes to be in the first partition.
• If on UEFI check if module is loaded by issuing "modprobe efivars".
• On CRUX do "prt-get remove lilo" if you dont use LILO.
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux do "cast " to install the preferred bootloader.

LILO

• If on UEFI use elilo and change names to "/etc/elilo.conf" instead of "/etc/lilo.conf" and "elilo" instead of "lilo" in commands
  nano /etc/lilo.conf
• Inserting "password=" inside an OS stanza will protect with a password that OS, but inserting "password=" just before the stanzas and outside any of them will protect with a password the bootloader itself (notice the space inside stanzas)
  boot = /dev/sda
image = /boot/vmlinuz
Label = <DISTRO_NAME>
root = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO>
other = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>
table = /dev/sda
Label = FreeDos
other = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS>
table = /dev/sda
Label = Windows7 lilo -A /dev/sda 1
lilo
• Prevent anyone but root of reading the config file (in case you used a password)
  chmod 600 /etc/lilo.conf

SYSLINUX

• If on BIOS make directory and copy files accordingly
  mkdir -p /boot/syslinux
cp /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/*.c32 /boot/syslinux/
• If on UEFI make directory and copy files accordingly
  mkdir -p /boot/efi/EFI/syslinux
cp -r /usr/lib/syslinux/efi64/* /boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/
• If on BIOS setup boot entry
  umount /dev/sda1
syslinux --directory syslinux --install /dev/sda1
mount /dev/sda1 /boot
• If on UEFI setup boot entry using "efibootmgr"
  umount /dev/sda1
efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 1 -l /boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.efi -L Syslinux
mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi
• Edit "/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg" if on BIOS or "/boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.cfg" if on UEFI
• "splash.png" is the splash screen image located in "/boot/syslinux/" if on BIOS or "/boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/" if on UEFI
  PROMPT 1
TIMEOUT 50
MENU BACKGROUND splash.png
DEFAULT <DISTRO_NAME>
LABEL <DISTRO_NAME>
MENU LABEL <DISTRO_NAME>
LINUX /boot/vmlinuz
INITRD /boot/initramfs.img
LABEL FreeDOS
MENU LABEL FreeDOS
KERNEL chain.c32
APPEND sda <PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>
LABEL Windows7
MENU LABEL Windows7
KERNEL chain.c32
APPEND sda <PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS>

GRUB Legacy

• If on BIOS setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
  mount /dev/sda1 /boot
grub-install /dev/sda
• If on UEFI setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
  mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi
  grub-install /boot/efi`
• Edit configuration file "/boot/grub/menu.lst"
  default=0
timeout=10
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
#hiddenmenu
title <DISTRO_NAME> (<KERNEL_VERSION>)
root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO>)
kernel /vmlinuz-<KERNEL_VERSION> ro root=/dev/sda5 rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-<KERNEL_VERSION>.img
title <DISTRO_NAME_alternative_kernel> (<ANOTHER_KERNEL_VERSION>)
root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO>)
kernel /vmlinuz-<ANOTHER_KERNEL_VERSION> ro root=/dev/sda5 rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-<ANOTHER_KERNEL_VERSION>.img
title FreeDOS
root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>)
kernel /memdisk
initrd (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>)/fdboot.img
title Windows 7
root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS>)
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi

GRUB 2

• If on BIOS setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
  mount /dev/sda1 /boot
  grub-install /dev/sda`
• If on UEFI setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
  mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi
grub-install /boot/efi
• If Grub does not detect your OS run "os-prober" followed by "update-grub"
• Or add the OS manually to the Grub config file "/etc/grub.d/40_custom"
  menuentry "FreeDOS" {
set root='(hd0,msdos2)'
linux16 /memdisk
initrd16 /fdboot.img
chainloader +1
}
menuentry "Windows 7" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
insmod search_fs_uuid
insmod ntldr
search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root 3482FBC382FB879E
chainloader +1
ntldr /bootmgr
}
• Update config file
  grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

THE END

• Exit the chroot
  exit
• Shutdown the machine
  shutdown -h now

And done.

CONFIGURATION ON CRUX

ENABLE CONTRIB REPO

• Enable contrib for ports
  cd /etc/ports
mv contrib.rsync.inactive contrib.rsync
• Enable contrib for prt-get
  nano /etc/prt-get.conf
• Uncomment line "prtdir /usr/ports/contrib"

ADD EXTERNAL REPOS

cd /etc/ports/

• download httpup/rsync file and pub file
  wget -c <URL>

• Add repo location to /etc/prt-get.conf (order sets precedence)
  nano /etc/prt-get.conf

• Add "prtdir /usr/ports/"

• Populate repo
  ports -u <REPO>

• Enable pre-/post-install scripts in "/etc/prt-get.conf" (usually safe to run repeatedly, usually used to rebuild caches and add system users when installing certain software)
  nano /etc/prt-get.conf

• uncomment line "runscripts yes"

• Ignore footprint mismatches due to new files (usually not a bad thing)
  nano /etc/pkgmk.conf

• Set line "PKGMK_IGNORE_NEW="yes""

INSTALL XORG

• Install a minimal set of xorg and xorg dependent tools one by one prtget depinst xorg-server xorg-xf86-video- xorg-font- xkeyboard-config xorg-xinit
• Alternatively just install the metapackage "xorg"

CRUX COMMANDS

AUTOMATED INSTALLATION OF PORTS

• Populate ports tree (is empty by default)
  ports -u
• Automatically download and build a package with its required dependencies ignoring signature mismatch
  prt-get -in depinst <PORT>
• Remove a package
  prt-get remove <PORT>
• Search package
  prt-get search <PORT>
• Get info from package
  prt-get info <PORT>
• Get dependency info from package
  prt-get depends <PORT>
• Update all packages
  prt-get sysup
• List all installed packages
  pkginfo -i

MANUAL DOWNLOAD AND INSTALLATION

• Go to apropriate directory for all these tasks
  cd to /usr/ports/<REPO>/<PORT>
• To download a package
  pkgmk -d <PORT>
• To install a downloaded package
  pkgmk -i <PORT>
• In case of signature mismatch
  pkgadd -f <PORT>
• To clean directory from downloaded package and build
  pkgadd -c <PORT>
• To remove installed package
  pkgrm <PORT>

SOURCE MAGE GNU/LINUX COMMANDS

• To get a manual cast smgl-setup man smgl-setup
• To change general things like the color scheme sorcery
• To update the package manager sorcery update
• To update the package list scribe update
• To check for any changes in the architecture specs cast smgl-archspecs
• To rebuild everything from source sorcery rebuild
• To recompile the kernel cast -r linux
• To get a list of spells needing upgrade sorcery -q
• To upgrade the spells themselves known to be available for upgrade cast --queue
• To check for broken installations cleanse --fix
• After casting new spells you need this to have apropos, man -k, and whatis makewhatis
• To install new packages cast <spell>
• To update an existing package cast <spell>
• To search for packages gaze search <spell>
• To search by package name gaze search -name <spell>
• To list installed packages gaze installed
• To remove a spell dispel <spell>
• To delete completely a package dispel --nosustain <spell>
• To list repositories scribe index
• To add a repository scribe add <grimoire>
• To remove a repository scribe remove <grimoire>