mayfrost-guides/Initiation.md

Initiation Rite

This guide is for those who want to install either CRUX or Source Mage GNU/Linux. It was written so it can be used by both, only diverging on the particular details.

• CRUX: A ports based, BSD style init scripts, distro following true KISS principles (Keep It Simple, Stupid).
• Source Mage GNU/Linux: Without 3rd party patches, sensible defaults or masked packages, free from obfuscated and pre-configured code, use clean dependencies as they came from upstream developers and can also use flags.

START

Boot in UEFI mode if on UEFI, BIOS if on BIOS, and select installation media.

• Make sure your network is up (OPTIONAL)
  dhcpcd <NIC>
• Temporarily change keyboard (available configurations can be found in the directories "/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/" for CRUX and "/usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty" for Source Mage GNU/Linux)
  loadkeys <KEYMAP>

PARTITIONING

Supported filesystems by bootloaders are (if on UEFI ignore this as it only supports FAT):

• LILO: indifferent (anything?)
• SYSLINUX: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, ufs 1/2, FAT16, FAT32, iso9660, udf, NTFS
• GRUB Legacy: FAT16, FAT32, minix, ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, JFS, XFS, VSTa fs, Btrfs
• GRUB 2: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, zfs, ufs, minix, iso9660, udf, jfs, hfs, hfs+, afs, affs, sfs, xfs, reiserfs, tar, cpio, NTFS, FAT16, FAT32

In these examples we make only two partitions but you can extend this if you know how. The partitions are one root partition, later mounted to "/mnt/drive" with "mkfs.<ROOT_FILESYSTEM>" format, and one boot partition, later mounted to "/mnt/drive/boot" and with "mkfs.<BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM>" format unless is UEFI in which case "mkfs.vfat" is the only format available and will be mounted to "/mnt/drive/boot/efi" instead.

• Use parted
  parted /dev/sda

• Inside parted, if on UEFI label the disk "gpt", but if on BIOS label it "msdos"
  mklabel <LABEL> unit mb mkpart primary 0g 128 mkpart primary 128 -1 toggle 1 boot p free quit

• Make root filesystem according to your personal preference
  mkfs.<ROOT_FILESYSTEM> /dev/sda2 mkdir /mnt/drive mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/drive

• Make boot filesystem according to supported bootloader or just "mkfs.vfat" if on UEFI
  mkfs.<BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM> /dev/sda1

• If on BIOS make directory and mount
  mkdir /mnt/drive/boot mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/drive/boot

• If on UEFI make directory and mount
  mkdir -p /mnt/drive/boot/efi mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/drive/boot/efi cd /mnt/drive mount --bind /dev /mnt/drive/dev mount --bind /sys /mnt/drive/sys mount -t proc none /mnt/drive/proc mount -t devpts none /mnt/drive/dev/pts

SETUP

• On CRUX run "setup", and if on UEFI select on setup grub2-efi (if using GRUB 2), efibootmgr, and elfutils from opt (only select core, and say yes when you're asked if you want to select individual packages). And if you are not using LILO de-select it from core.
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux get the tarball
  cd /mnt/drive wget -c "http://download.sourcemage.org/image/official/smgl-stable-<version>-basesystem-x86_64.<compression>" tar xvf smgl-stable-<version>-basesystem-x86_64.<compression>

Chroot

• Chroot specifying Bash in case live media has another shell
  chroot /mnt/drive /bin/bash
• Change root password in chroot (TEST IF YOUR KEYBOARD HAS ALL THE CORRECT MAPPINGS before you change the password)
  passwd root

Change the network interfaces

• On CRUX modify "/etc/rc.d/net" with the rules you want (IP, gateway, domain, etc)
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux add preferred interfaces to "/etc/network/interfaces" for example
  auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp
• On the "/etc/resolv.conf.head" file set your preferred DNS provider (this example is from OpenNIC)
  nameserver 193.41.79.236
• Or copy "/etc/resolv.conf" to "/mnt/etc/resolv.conf" BEFORE chrooting

Edit fstab

• Change the "/etc/fstab" file with appropriate filesystems
  /dev/sda1 /boot <BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM> defaults 0 2 /dev/sda2 / <ROOT_FILESYSTEM> noatime 0 1
• On CRUX uncomment the lines referring to devpts, tmp, and shm as some programs require it (Firefox), also USB and or cdrom if using those
• If on UEFI replace "/boot" with "/boot/efi"

Edit environment

• On CRUX change the font, keyboard, timezone, hostname and services on the "/etc/rc.conf" file
  ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux change keymaps on the "/etc/sysconfig/keymap" file
  ls /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty
• On CRUX generate locales (change interface language)
  localedef -i <LOCALE> -f ISO-<CODE> <LOCALE>
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux generate locales (change interface language)
  cast -r locale

BOOTLOADER

• The drive where bootloaders and OSes are installed on these examples is "/dev/sda", but could be anywhere.
• The bootloader installation IS inside chroot AND with drives mounted, so this guides assumes you are inside "/mnt/drive".
• "<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO>", "<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>" and "<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS>" are just the numbers of partitions.
• The "vmlinuz" file makes reference to the kernel image, you can rename it or simlink to it in all cases, the only rule is you have to make sure the name is referenced correctly in the bootloader. By default it can have names like "vmlinuz-linux", "vmlinuz-<KERNEL_VERSION>" and so on. The same with "initramfs.img", it can be "initramfs-<KERNEL_VERSION>.img" and such.
• All bootloader examples have included other OS inside what is called "stanzas".
• FreeDOS and Windows stanzas are OPTIONAL.
• If dualbooting with Windows remember that it likes to be in the first partition.
• If on UEFI check if module is loaded by issuing "modprobe efivars".
• On CRUX do "prt-get remove lilo" if you dont use LILO.
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux do "cast " to install the preferred bootloader.

LILO

• If on UEFI use elilo and change names to "/etc/elilo.conf" instead of "/etc/lilo.conf" and "elilo" instead of "lilo" in commands
  nano /etc/lilo.conf
• Inserting "password=" inside an OS stanza will protect with a password that OS, but inserting "password=" just before the stanzas and outside any of them will protect with a password the bootloader itself (notice the space inside stanzas)
  boot = /dev/sda image = /boot/vmlinuz Label = <DISTRO_NAME> root = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO> other = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS> table = /dev/sda Label = FreeDos other = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS> table = /dev/sda Label = Windows7 lilo -A /dev/sda 1 lilo
• Prevent anyone but root of reading the config file (in case you used a password)
  chmod 600 /etc/lilo.conf

SYSLINUX

• If on BIOS make directory and copy files accordingly
  mkdir -p /boot/syslinux cp /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/*.c32 /boot/syslinux/
• If on UEFI make directory and copy files accordingly
  mkdir -p /boot/efi/EFI/syslinux cp -r /usr/lib/syslinux/efi64/* /boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/
• If on BIOS setup boot entry
  umount /dev/sda1 syslinux --directory syslinux --install /dev/sda1 mount /dev/sda1 /boot
• If on UEFI setup boot entry using "efibootmgr"
  umount /dev/sda1 efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 1 -l /boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.efi -L Syslinux mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi
• Edit "/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg" if on BIOS or "/boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.cfg" if on UEFI
• "splash.png" is the splash screen image located in "/boot/syslinux/" if on BIOS or "/boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/" if on UEFI
  PROMPT 1 TIMEOUT 50 MENU BACKGROUND splash.png DEFAULT <DISTRO_NAME> LABEL <DISTRO_NAME> MENU LABEL <DISTRO_NAME> LINUX /boot/vmlinuz INITRD /boot/initramfs.img LABEL FreeDOS MENU LABEL FreeDOS KERNEL chain.c32 APPEND sda <PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS> LABEL Windows7 MENU LABEL Windows7 KERNEL chain.c32 APPEND sda <PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS>

GRUB Legacy

• If on BIOS setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
  mount /dev/sda1 /boot grub-install /dev/sda
• If on UEFI setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
  mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi grub-install /boot/efi
• Edit configuration file "/boot/grub/menu.lst"
  default=0 timeout=10 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz #hiddenmenu title <DISTRO_NAME> (<KERNEL_VERSION>) root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO>) kernel /vmlinuz-<KERNEL_VERSION> ro root=/dev/sda5 rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-<KERNEL_VERSION>.img title <DISTRO_NAME_alternative_kernel> (<ANOTHER_KERNEL_VERSION>) root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO>) kernel /vmlinuz-<ANOTHER_KERNEL_VERSION> ro root=/dev/sda5 rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-<ANOTHER_KERNEL_VERSION>.img title FreeDOS root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>) kernel /memdisk initrd (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>)/fdboot.img title Windows 7 root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS>) chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi

GRUB 2

• If on BIOS setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
  mount /dev/sda1 /boot grub-install /dev/sda
• If on UEFI setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
  mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi grub-install /boot/efi
• If Grub does not detect your OS run "os-prober" followed by "update-grub"
• Or add the OS manually to the Grub config file "/etc/grub.d/40_custom"
  menuentry "FreeDOS" { set root='(hd0,msdos2)' linux16 /memdisk initrd16 /fdboot.img chainloader +1 } menuentry "Windows 7" { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs insmod search_fs_uuid insmod ntldr search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root 3482FBC382FB879E chainloader +1 ntldr /bootmgr }
• Update config file
  grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

KERNEL

• Include the filesystem support the boot partition is format in.

• Include UEFI options if on UEFI.

• Include device drivers you need, build the rest as modules.

• On CRUX
  cd /usr/src/linux-<VERSION> make menuconfig make all make modules_install cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz cp System.map /boot

• On Source Mage GNU/Linux (OPTIONAL)
  cast -r linux

THE END

• Exit the chroot
  exit
• Shutdown the machine
  shutdown -h now

And done.

CONFIGURATION ON CRUX

ENABLE CONTRIB

• Enable contrib for ports
  cd /etc/ports mv contrib.rsync.inactive contrib.rsync
• Enable contrib for prt-get
  nano /etc/prt-get.conf
• Uncomment line "prtdir /usr/ports/contrib"

ADD EXTERNAL REPOS

cd /etc/ports/

• download httpup/rsync file and pub file
  wget -c <URL>

• Add repo location to /etc/prt-get.conf (order sets precedence)
  nano /etc/prt-get.conf

• Add "prtdir /usr/ports/"

• Populate repo
  ports -u <REPO>

• Enable pre-/post-install scripts in "/etc/prt-get.conf" (usually safe to run repeatedly, usually used to rebuild caches and add system users when installing certain software)
  nano /etc/prt-get.conf

• uncomment line "runscripts yes"

• Ignore footprint mismatches due to new files (usually not a bad thing)
  nano /etc/pkgmk.conf

• Set line "PKGMK_IGNORE_NEW="yes""

CRUX COMMANDS

Automated installation of ports

• Populate ports tree (is empty by default)
  ports -u
• Automatically download and build a package with its required dependencies ignoring signature mismatch
  prt-get -in depinst <PORT>
• Remove a package
  prt-get remove <PORT>
• Search package
  prt-get search <PORT>
• Get info from package
  prt-get info <PORT>
• Get dependency info from package
  prt-get depends <PORT>
• Update all packages
  prt-get sysup
• List all installed packages
  pkginfo -i

Manually dowloading and installing

• Go to apropriate directory for all these tasks
  cd to /usr/ports/<REPO>/<PORT>
• To download a package
  pkgmk -d <PORT>
• To install a downloaded package
  pkgmk -i <PORT>
• In case of signature mismatch
  pkgadd -f <PORT>
• To clean directory from downloaded package and build
  pkgadd -c <PORT>
• To remove installed package
  pkgrm <PORT>

SOURCE MAGE GNU/LINUX COMMANDS

• To get a manual cast smgl-setup man smgl-setup
• To change general things like the color scheme sorcery
• To update the package manager sorcery update
• To update the package list scribe update
• To check for any changes in the architecture specs cast smgl-archspecs
• To rebuild everything from source sorcery rebuild
• To recompile the kernel cast -r linux
• To get a list of spells needing upgrade sorcery -q
• To upgrade the spells themselves known to be available for upgrade cast --queue
• To check for broken installations cleanse --fix
• After casting new spells you need this to have apropos, man -k, and whatis makewhatis
• To install new packages cast <spell>
• To update an existing package cast <spell>
• To search for packages gaze search <spell>
• To search by package name gaze search -name <spell>
• To list installed packages gaze installed
• To remove a spell dispel <spell>
• To delete completely a package dispel --nosustain <spell>
• To list repositories scribe index
• To add a repository scribe add <grimoire>
• To remove a repository scribe remove <grimoire>