mayfrost-guides/INITIATION.md

Initiation Rite

This guide is for those wanting one of the two most beautiful source based distros, either CRUX or Source Mage GNU/Linux. It was written so it can be used by both, only diverging on particular details.

• CRUX: A ports based, BSD style init scripts, distro following true KISS principles (Keep It Simple).
• Source Mage GNU/Linux: Without 3rd party patches, sensible defaults or masked packages, free from obfuscated and pre-configured code, use clean dependencies as they came from upstream developers and can also use flags.

NOTE: This guide attempts to describe UEFI in detail side by side with BIOS. Also describes dualbooting (and triple booting) with the bootloader. If you feel overwhelmed for the amount of information don't be afraid, most of it is OPTIONAL, like password protection of the bootloader and the different filesystems the bootloaders can use.

TOC

1. START
2. PARTITIONING
3. SETUP
   3.1. CHROOT
   3.2. CHANGE NETWORK INTERFACES
   3.3. EDIT FSTAB
   3.4. SET THE ENVIRONMENT
4. KERNEL
5. BOOTLOADER
   5.1. LILO
   5.2. SYSLINUX
   5.3. GRUB Legacy
   5.4. GRUB 2
6. THE END
7. CONFIGURATION ON CRUX
   7.1. ENABLE CONTRIB REPO
   7.2. ADD EXTERNAL REPOS
   7.3. INSTALL XORG
8. CRUX COMMANDS
   8.1. AUTOMATED INSTALLATION OF PORTS
   8.2. MANUAL DOWNLOAD AND INSTALLATION
9. SOURCE MAGE GNU/LINUX COMMANDS

START

Boot in UEFI mode if on UEFI, BIOS if on BIOS, and select installation media.

• Make sure your network is up (OPTIONAL)
  dhcpcd <NIC>
• Temporarily change keyboard (available configurations can be found in the directories "/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/" for CRUX and "/usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty" for Source Mage GNU/Linux)
  loadkeys <KEYMAP>

PARTITIONING

Supported filesystems by bootloaders are (if on UEFI ignore this as it only supports FAT):

• LILO: indifferent (anything?)
• SYSLINUX: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, ufs 1/2, FAT16, FAT32, iso9660, udf, NTFS
• GRUB Legacy: FAT16, FAT32, minix, ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, JFS, XFS, VSTa fs, Btrfs
• GRUB 2: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, zfs, ufs, minix, iso9660, udf, jfs, hfs, hfs+, afs, affs, sfs, xfs, reiserfs, tar, cpio, NTFS, FAT16, FAT32

In these examples we make only two partitions but you can extend this if you know how. The partitions are one root partition, later mounted to "/mnt/drive" with "mkfs.<ROOT_FILESYSTEM>" format, and one boot partition, later mounted to "/mnt/drive/boot" and with "mkfs.<BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM>" format unless is UEFI in which case "mkfs.vfat" is the only format available and will be mounted to "/mnt/drive/boot/efi" instead.

• Use parted
  parted /dev/sda

• Inside parted, if on UEFI label the disk "gpt", but if on BIOS label it "msdos"
  mklabel <LABEL>
unit mb
mkpart primary 0g 128
mkpart primary 128 -1
toggle 1 boot
p free
quit

• Make root filesystem according to your personal preference
  mkfs.<ROOT_FILESYSTEM> /dev/sda2
mkdir /mnt/drive
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/drive

• Make boot filesystem according to supported bootloader or just "mkfs.vfat" if on UEFI
  mkfs.<BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM> /dev/sda1

• If on BIOS make directory and mount
  mkdir /mnt/drive/boot
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/drive/boot

• If on UEFI make directory and mount
  mkdir -p /mnt/drive/boot/efi
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/drive/boot/efi
cd /mnt/drive
mount --bind /dev /mnt/drive/dev
mount --bind /sys /mnt/drive/sys
mount -t proc none /mnt/drive/proc
mount -t devpts none /mnt/drive/dev/pts

SETUP

• On CRUX run "setup", and if on UEFI select on setup grub2-efi (if using GRUB 2), efibootmgr, and elfutils from opt (only select core, and say yes when you're asked if you want to select individual packages). And if you are not using LILO de-select it from core.
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux get the tarball
  cd /mnt/drive
wget -c "http://download.sourcemage.org/image/official/smgl-stable-<version>-basesystem-x86_64.<compression>"
tar xvf smgl-stable-<version>-basesystem-x86_64.<compression>

CHROOT

• Chroot specifying Bash in case live media has another shell
  chroot /mnt/drive /bin/bash
• Change root password in chroot (TEST IF YOUR KEYBOARD HAS ALL THE CORRECT MAPPINGS before you change the password)
  passwd root

CHANGE NETWORK INTERFACES

• On CRUX modify "/etc/rc.d/net" with the rules you want (IP, gateway, domain, etc)
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux add preferred interfaces to "/etc/network/interfaces" for example
  auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
• On the "/etc/resolv.conf.head" file set your preferred DNS provider (this example is from OpenNIC)
  nameserver 193.41.79.236
• Or copy "/etc/resolv.conf" to "/mnt/etc/resolv.conf" BEFORE chrooting

EDIT FSTAB

• Change the "/etc/fstab" file with appropriate filesystems
  /dev/sda1 /boot <BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM> defaults 0 2
/dev/sda2 / <ROOT_FILESYSTEM> noatime 0 1
• On CRUX uncomment the lines referring to devpts, tmp, and shm as some programs require it (Firefox), also USB and or cdrom if using those
• If on UEFI replace "/boot" with "/boot/efi"

SET THE ENVIRONMENT

• On CRUX change the font, keyboard, timezone, hostname and services on the "/etc/rc.conf" file
  ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux change keymaps on the "/etc/sysconfig/keymap" file
  ls /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty
• On CRUX generate locales (change interface language)
  localedef -i <LOCALE> -f ISO-<CODE> <LOCALE>
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux generate locales (change interface language)
  cast -r locale

KERNEL

• Include the filesystem support the boot partition is format in.

• Include UEFI options if on UEFI.

• Include device drivers you need, build the rest as modules.

• On CRUX
  cd /usr/src/linux-<VERSION>
make all modules_install install

• On Source Mage GNU/Linux (OPTIONAL)
  cast -r linux

BOOTLOADER

• The drive where bootloaders and OSes are installed on these examples is "/dev/sda", but could be anywhere.
• The bootloader installation IS inside chroot AND with drives mounted, so this guide assumes you are inside "/mnt/drive".
• "<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO>", "<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>" and "<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS>" are just the numbers of partitions.
• The "vmlinuz" file makes reference to the kernel image, you can rename it or simlink to it in all cases, the only rule is you have to make sure the name is referenced correctly in the bootloader. By default it can have names like "vmlinuz-linux", "vmlinuz-<KERNEL_VERSION>" and so on. The same with "initramfs.img", it can be "initramfs-<KERNEL_VERSION>.img" and such.
• All bootloader examples have included other OS inside what is called "stanzas".
• FreeDOS and Windows stanzas are OPTIONAL.
• If dualbooting with Windows remember that it likes to be in the first partition.
• If on UEFI check if module is loaded by issuing "modprobe efivars".
• On CRUX do "prt-get remove lilo" if you dont use LILO.
• On Source Mage GNU/Linux do "cast <BOOTLOADER>" to install the preferred bootloader.

LILO

• If on UEFI use elilo and change names to "/etc/elilo.conf" instead of "/etc/lilo.conf" and "elilo" instead of "lilo" in commands
  nano /etc/lilo.conf
• Inserting "password=<PASSWORD>" inside an OS stanza will protect with a password that OS, but inserting "password=<PASSWORD>" just before the stanzas and outside any of them will protect with a password the bootloader itself (notice the space inside stanzas)
  boot = /dev/sda
image = /boot/vmlinuz
Label = <DISTRO_NAME>
root = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO>
other = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>
table = /dev/sda
Label = FreeDOS
other = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS>
table = /dev/sda
Label = Windows7
• Set boot entry
  lilo -A /dev/sda 1
lilo
• Prevent anyone but root of reading the config file (in case you used a password)
  chmod 600 /etc/lilo.conf

THE END

• Exit the chroot
  exit
• Shutdown the machine
  shutdown -h now

And done.

CONFIGURATION ON CRUX

ENABLE CONTRIB REPO

• Enable contrib for ports
  cd /etc/ports
mv contrib.rsync.inactive contrib.rsync
• Enable contrib for prt-get
  nano /etc/prt-get.conf
• Uncomment line "prtdir /usr/ports/contrib"

ADD EXTERNAL REPOS

• Download httpup/rsync file and pub file
  cd /etc/ports/
wget -c <URL>

• Add repo location to "/etc/prt-get.conf" (order sets precedence)
  nano /etc/prt-get.conf

• Add line "prtdir /usr/ports/<REPO>"

• Populate repo
  ports -u <REPO>

• Enable pre-/post-install scripts in "/etc/prt-get.conf" (usually safe to run repeatedly, usually used to rebuild caches and add system users when installing certain software)
  nano /etc/prt-get.conf

• Uncomment line "runscripts yes"

• Ignore footprint mismatches due to new files (usually not a bad thing)
  nano /etc/pkgmk.conf

• Set line "PKGMK_IGNORE_NEW="yes""

INSTALL XORG

• Install a minimal set of xorg and xorg dependent tools one by one prtget depinst xorg-server xorg-xf86-video-<DRIVER> xorg-font-<FONT> xkeyboard-config xorg-xinit
• Alternatively just install the metapackage "xorg"

CRUX COMMANDS

AUTOMATED INSTALLATION OF PORTS

• Populate ports tree (is empty by default)
  ports -u
• Automatically download and build a package with its required dependencies ignoring signature mismatch
  prt-get -in depinst <PORT>
• Remove a package
  prt-get remove <PORT>
• Search package
  prt-get search <PORT>
• Get info from package
  prt-get info <PORT>
• Get dependency info from package
  prt-get depends <PORT>
• Update all packages
  prt-get sysup
• List all installed packages
  pkginfo -i

MANUAL DOWNLOAD AND INSTALLATION

• Go to apropriate directory for all these tasks
  cd to /usr/ports/<REPO>/<PORT>
• To download a package
  pkgmk -d <PORT>
• To install a downloaded package
  pkgmk -i <PORT>
• In case of signature mismatch
  pkgadd -f <PORT>
• To clean directory from downloaded package and build
  pkgadd -c <PORT>
• To remove installed package
  pkgrm <PORT>

SOURCE MAGE GNU/LINUX COMMANDS

• To get a manual
  cast smgl-setup
man smgl-setup
• To change general things like the color scheme
  sorcery
• To update the package manager
  sorcery update
• To update the package list
  scribe update
• To check for any changes in the architecture specs
  cast smgl-archspecs
• To rebuild everything from source
  sorcery rebuild
• To recompile the kernel
  cast -r linux
• To get a list of spells needing upgrade
  sorcery -q
• To upgrade the spells themselves known to be available for upgrade
  cast --queue
• To check for broken installations
  cleanse --fix
• After casting new spells you need this to have apropos, man -k, and whatis
  makewhatis
• To install new packages
  cast <spell>
• To update an existing package
  cast <spell>
• To search for packages
  gaze search <spell>
• To search by package name
  gaze search -name <spell>
• To list installed packages
  gaze installed
• To remove a spell
  dispel <spell>
• To delete completely a package
  dispel --nosustain <spell>
• To list repositories
  scribe index
• To add a repository
  scribe add <grimoire>
• To remove a repository
  scribe remove <grimoire>