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mayfrost-guides/Initiation.md
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Initiation Rite

This guide is for those who want to install either CRUX or Source Mage GNU/Linux. It was written so it can be used by both, only diverging on the particular details.

  • CRUX: A ports based, BSD style init scripts, distro following true KISS principles (Keep It Simple, Stupid).
  • Source Mage GNU/Linux: Without 3rd party patches, sensible defaults or masked packages, free from obfuscated and pre-configured code, use clean dependencies as they came from upstream developers and can also use flags.

START

Boot in UEFI mode if on UEFI, BIOS if on BIOS, and select installation media.

  • Make sure your network is up (OPTIONAL) dhcpcd <NIC>
  • Temporarily change keyboard (available configurations can be found in /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty) loadkeys <KEYMAP>

PARTITIONING

Supported filesystems by bootloaders are (if on UEFI ignore this as it only supports FAT):

  • LILO: indifferent (anything?)
  • SYSLINUX: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, ufs 1/2, FAT16, FAT32, iso9660, udf, NTFS
  • GRUB Legacy: FAT16, FAT32, minix, ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, JFS, XFS, VSTa fs, Btrfs
  • GRUB 2: ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, zfs, ufs, minix, iso9660, udf, jfs, hfs, hfs+, afs, affs, sfs, xfs, reiserfs, tar, cpio, NTFS, FAT16, FAT32

In these examples we make only two partitions but you can extend this if you know how. The partitions are one root partition, later mounted to /mnt/drive format with mkfs.<ROOT_FILESYSTEM>, and one boot partition, later mounted to /mnt/drive/boot and format with mkfs.<BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM> unless is UEFI in which case mkfs.vfat is the only format available and will be mounted to /mnt/drive/boot/efi.

  • Use parted
    parted /dev/sda

  • Inside parted, if on UEFI label the disk "gpt", but if on BIOS label it "msdos"
    mklabel <LABEL> unit mb mkpart primary 0g 128 mkpart primary 128 -1 toggle 1 boot p free quit

  • Make boot filesystem according to supported bootloader or just "mkfs.vfat" if on UEFI
    mkfs.<BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM> /dev/sda1

  • Make root filesystem according to your personal preference
    mkfs.<ROOT_FILESYSTEM> /dev/sda2 mkdir /mnt/drive mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/drive

  • If on BIOS make directory and mount
    mkdir /mnt/drive/boot mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/drive/boot

  • If on UEFI make directory and mount
    mkdir -p /mnt/drive/boot/efi mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/drive/boot/efi cd /mnt/drive mount --bind /dev /mnt/drive/dev mount --bind /sys /mnt/drive/sys mount -t proc none /mnt/drive/proc mount -t devpts none /mnt/drive/dev/pts

SETUP

  • On CRUX run setup, and if on UEFI select on setup grub2-efi (if using GRUB 2), efibootmgr, and elfutils from opt (only select core, and say yes when you're asked if you want to select individual packages). And if you are not using LILO de-select it from core.

  • On Source Mage GNU/Linux get the tarball
    cd /mnt/drive wget -c "http://download.sourcemage.org/image/official/smgl-stable-<version>-basesystem-x86_64.<compression>" tar xvf smgl-stable-<version>-basesystem-x86_64.<compression>

  • Chroot specifying Bash in case live media has another shell
    chroot /mnt/drive /bin/bash

  • Change root password in chroot (TEST IF YOUR KEYBOARD HAS ALL THE CORRECT MAPPINGS before you change the password)
    passwd root

Change the network interfaces

  • On CRUX modify /etc/rc.d/net with the rules you want (IP, gateway, domain, etc)
    nano /etc/rc.d/net

  • On Source Mage GNU/Linux add preferred interfaces for example
    nano /etc/network/interfaces auto eth0 allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp

  • On /etc/resolv.conf.head set your preferred DNS provider (this example is from OpenNIC)
    nano /etc/resolv.conf.head nameserver 193.41.79.236

  • Or copy the resolv.conf file from /etc to /mnt/etc BEFORE chrooting

  • Change the fstab with appropriate filesystems
    nano /etc/fstab /dev/sda1 /boot <BOOTLOADER_FILESYSTEM> defaults 0 2 /dev/sda2 / <ROOT_FILESYSTEM> noatime 0 1

  • On CRUX uncomment the lines referring to devpts, tmp, and shm as some programs require it (Firefox), also USB and or cdrom if using those

  • If on UEFI replace /boot with /boot/efi

  • On CRUX change the font, keyboard, timezone, hostname and services
    ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/ nano /etc/rc.conf

  • On Source Mage GNU/Linux change the keymaps
    ls /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty nano /etc/sysconfig/keymap

  • On CRUX generate locales (change interface language)
    localedef -i <LOCALE> -f ISO-<CODE> <LOCALE>

  • On Source Mage GNU/Linux generate locales (change interface language)
    cast -r locale

BOOTLOADER

  • The drive where bootloaders and OSes are installed on these examples is /dev/sda, bu could be anywhere.
  • The bootloader installation IS inside chroot AND with drives mounted, so this guides assumes you are inside "/mnt/drive".
  • The "vmlinuz" makes reference to the kernel image, you can rename it or simlink to it in all cases, the only rule is you have to make sure the name is referenced correctly in the bootloader. By default it can have names like vmlinuz-linux, vmlinuz-<KERNEL_VERSION> and so on. The same with initramfs.img, it can be initramfs-<KERNEL_VERSION>.img and such.
  • All bootloader examples have included other OS inside what is called "stanzas".
  • FreeDOS and Windows stanzas are OPTIONAL.
  • If dualbooting with Windows remember that it likes to be in the first partition.
  • If on UEFI check if module is loaded by issuing modprobe efivars.
  • On CRUX do prt-get remove lilo if you dont use LILO.
  • On Source Mage GNU/Linux do cast <BOOTLOADER> to install the preferred bootloader.

LILO

  • If on UEFI use elilo and change names to /etc/elilo.conf instead of /etc/lilo.conf and elilo instead of lilo in commands
    nano /etc/lilo.conf
  • Inserting password= inside an OS stanza will protect with a password the that OS, but inserting password= just before the stanzas will protect with a password the bootloader instead (notice the space inside stanzas)
    boot = /dev/sda image = /boot/vmlinuz Label = CRUX root = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO> other = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS> table = /dev/sda Label = FreeDos other = /dev/sda<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS> table = /dev/sda Label = Windows7 lilo -A /dev/sda 1 lilo
  • In case you used a password prevent anyone but root of reading the config file
    chmod 600 /etc/lilo.conf

SYSLINUX

  • If on BIOS make directory and copy files accordingly
    mkdir -p /boot/syslinux cp /usr/lib/syslinux/bios/*.c32 /boot/syslinux/
  • If on UEFI make directory and copy files accordingly
    mkdir -p /boot/efi/EFI/syslinux cp -r /usr/lib/syslinux/efi64/* /boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/
  • If on BIOS setup boot entry
    umount /dev/sda1 syslinux --directory syslinux --install /dev/sda1 mount /dev/sda1 /boot
  • If on UEFI setup boot entry using efibootmgr
    umount /dev/sda1 efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 1 -l /boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.efi -L Syslinux mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi
  • Edit /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg if on BIOS or /boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/syslinux.cfg if on UEFI
  • splash.png is the splash screen image located in /boot/syslinux/ if on BIOS or /boot/efi/EFI/syslinux/ if on UEFI
    PROMPT 1 TIMEOUT 50 MENU BACKGROUND splash.png DEFAULT CRUX LABEL CRUX MENU LABEL CRUX LINUX /boot/vmlinuz INITRD /boot/initramfs.img LABEL FreeDOS MENU LABEL FreeDOS KERNEL chain.c32 APPEND sda <PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS> LABEL Windows7 MENU LABEL Windows7 KERNEL chain.c32 APPEND sda <PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS>

GRUB Legacy

  • If on BIOS setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
    mount /dev/sda1 /boot grub-install /dev/sda
  • If on UEFI setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
    mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi grub-install /boot/efi
  • Edit configuration file
    nano /boot/grub/menu.lst default=0 timeout=10 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz #hiddenmenu title <DISTRO_NAME> (<KERNEL_VERSION>) root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO>) kernel /vmlinuz-<KERNEL_VERSION> ro root=/dev/sda5 rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-<KERNEL_VERSION>.img title <DISTRO_NAME_alternative_kernel> (<ANOTHER_KERNEL_VERSION>) root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_DISTRO>) kernel /vmlinuz-<ANOTHER_KERNEL_VERSION> ro root=/dev/sda5 rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-<ANOTHER_KERNEL_VERSION>.img title FreeDOS root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>) kernel /memdisk initrd (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_FREEDOS>)/fdboot.img title Windows 7 root (hd0,<PARTITION_NUMBER_OF_WINDOWS>) chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi

GRUB 2

  • If on BIOS setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
    mount /dev/sda1 /boot grub-install /dev/sda
  • If on UEFI setup boot entry (boot partition must be mounted)
    mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi grub-install /boot/efi
  • If Grub does not detect your OS run "os-prober" followed by "update-grub", or add the OS manually to the Grub config file
    nano /etc/grub.d/40_custom menuentry "FreeDOS" { set root='(hd0,msdos2)' linux16 /memdisk initrd16 /fdboot.img chainloader +1 } menuentry "Windows 7" { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs insmod search_fs_uuid insmod ntldr search --fs-uuid --no-floppy --set=root 3482FBC382FB879E chainloader +1 ntldr /bootmgr }
  • Update config file
    grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg